CFDs (contracts for difference) have become increasingly popular in recent years as they are suitable for both large investors and small investors.
Particularly popular is the CFD Trading also because it allows disproportionately high profits to be realised. However, this is also associated with high risks of loss. Many traders report various technical problems and suspect that their losses have been caused by breaches of duty and manipulation on the part of CFD trading providers. In the event of suspected breaches of duty and manipulation, those affected can contact LAWMUC lawyers and discuss their options for action without obligation. In many cases, claims for damages can be considered. Attorney Dimitrov has been handling CFD trading cases for years and supports traders from Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Those affected can request a free initial consultation by telephone or email get.
CFDs - basic information
The term CFD stands for "contract for difference" and refers to a type of derivative trading instrument that depends on the difference between the buy and sell price of an underlying asset. CFDs traders thus make a kind of bet on a certain price development of an underlying asset.
CFD trading - opportunities, risks and legal aspects: A comprehensive guide
Contracts for Difference (CFDs) are modern financial instruments that enable investors to speculate on the performance of underlying assets such as shares, commodities, indices or currencies without physically owning them. This form of trading not only offers opportunities for high profits, but also harbours considerable risks. In addition, CFD trading is subject to strict legal regulations to ensure investor protection and market integrity.
In this article, you will learn how CFDs work, what the legal framework is and what investors should look out for when choosing a CFD broker. Our law firm also offers legal support in the event of disputes or legal questions relating to CFD trading.
How does CFD trading work?
CFDs are derivatives in which the investor speculates on the difference between the buy and sell price of an underlying asset. This difference determines profit or loss. CFDs are typically traded on a margin basis: investors only deposit a fraction of the trade value as collateral. By using leverage, large positions can be traded even with a small amount of capital - an attractive but risky feature.
Legal framework for CFD trading
Under German law, CFDs are considered financial instruments in accordance with Section 1 (11) of the German Banking Act (KWG) and derivatives pursuant to Section 2 (3) of the German Securities Trading Act (WpHG). As a result, they are subject to regulation by the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin).
Important legal framework conditions:
- MiFID IIThe EU directive aims to improve investor protection and market transparency.
- WpHGThis law regulates trading in securities and derivatives, including the requirements for providers and the protection of investors.
- KWGIt prescribes minimum capital requirements and organisational standards for CFD brokers.
Obligations of CFD providers
CFD brokers must fulfil strict requirements to protect investors and make their business practices transparent.
- Financial supervision LicenceProviders from Germany require a licence and are monitored by BaFin. Many providers are located in other EU countries, e.g. Cyprus, where they are supervised by CySec.
- Risk managementBrokers must set up systems to manage market and liquidity risks.
- Duty to informInvestors must be fully informed about all the risks of CFD trading.
- TransparencyFee structures, margin requirements and possible margin calls must be clearly communicated.
How trading with CFDs works
1. account opening and identity check
To trade CFDs, investors need an account with a broker. Strict identity verification regulations apply here in accordance with the German Money Laundering Act (GwG) and MiFID II.
- KYC principle (Know Your Customer): Investors must prove their identity with documents such as an identity card and proof of address.
2. risk disclosure and suitability test
Before trading begins, brokers are obliged to inform investors about the risks and to carry out a suitability test.
- Risk disclosure: Investors are informed about leverage, volatility and the risk of total loss.
- Suitability test: Brokers ensure that the investor has sufficient knowledge to understand the risks.
3. trading with CFDs
After opening an account, investors can open a long or short position on underlying assets such as shares or currencies.
- Trading on margin: Investors only deposit a small part of the trade value, which enables high profits but also losses due to the leverage effect.
- Close position: Profits or losses are credited or debited to the account.
Opportunities and risks of CFD trading
Opportunities:
- Leverage effect: Enables high winnings with low stakes.
- Flexibility: Trading on rising (long) and falling (short) prices possible.
- Diversity: CFDs can be traded on many underlying assets such as shares, commodities, indices and currencies.
Risks:
- Volatility: Price movements can cause high losses.
- Total risk of loss: There is a risk of losing the entire capital, especially with high leverage.
- Differences in regulation: Not all brokers are subject to strict regulation, which increases the risk for investors.
Choosing a reputable CFD broker: what investors should look out for
- Regulation and licensing
Check whether the broker is regulated by a recognised financial supervisory authority such as BaFin (Germany) or FCA (UK). - Deposit protection
Make sure that the broker is a member of a deposit protection scheme to protect your capital in the event of insolvency. - Transparency
A good broker will provide clear information on fees, spreads and margin requirements. - Customer support
Make sure that the broker offers reliable customer support and has a transparent and fair complaints management system.
Legal support for CFD trading
Attorney Dimitrov helps investors to enforce their rights against brokers, whether in the event of claims for damages, disputes or regulatory violations.
Typical cases:
- Inadequate risk disclosure: Investors were not sufficiently informed about margin calls.
- Compensation for infringements: A broker has violated the best execution guidelines or applied unfair clauses.
Preventive measures and current developments
Preventive counselling:
- Contract review: Have your terms and conditions and contractual clauses checked by a lawyer.
- Compliance training: Companies can ensure that they comply with legal requirements through legal training.
Legal changes:
- Product interventions: Regulators such as ESMA use leverage limits and margin protection to better protect private investors.
- Tax changes: A possible financial transaction tax could affect CFD trading.
Conclusion: seize opportunities, minimise risks
CFD trading offers investors exciting opportunities, but harbours considerable risks. Careful selection of the broker, comprehensive risk disclosure and compliance with legal regulations are essential. Should legal disputes or problems arise, specialised lawyers can help to protect your rights and enforce compensation.
Our law firm is at your side with expertise and experience in the field of CFD trading. Contact us for a no-obligation consultation - we will help you to protect your interests and find legal solutions for your case.
CFD - suffered losses?
In the case of losses with CFDs, the general trading risk of betting on the wrong price development can be realised on the one hand. On the other hand, there are also cases in which the CFD broker has caused the losses by breaching contractual obligations. These can be manifold, for example if the "stoploss" agreements have not been executed in accordance with the contract. In addition, there are also cases that border on the Fraud and where, for example, trading prices are manipulated. Injured traders should therefore contact an experienced lawyer if they suspect breaches of contractual obligations and fraud, who can examine their case and their options for action in more detail.
The so-called slippage clauses should also be viewed critically in many cases.
CFDs and underlying assets
The underlying assets in CFD trading can be very diverse - commodities, shares, foreign exchange, indices, bonds, etc. Share indices in particular are very popular.
CFD trading - low capital investment and disproportionately high profit opportunities?
CFD traders bet on rising (long) or falling (short) trading prices and can realise disproportionately large profits due to a leverage effect. However, the large profits are also offset by disproportionately large risks of loss. Due to the considerable and often incalculable risks of loss, the German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin) has declared CFDs with a margin call to be unauthorised, thus clearly demonstrating that it considers these financial instruments to be very risky. In order to limit the financial risks, it is possible to agree a so-called "stoploss".
CFD trading - how are trading prices determined?
With many CFD providers, the prices in CFD trading are determined by the trading platform itself. This means that the broker is the market maker. This means that the broker is practically the customer's opponent. The situation is different in regulated stock exchange trading, where the market makers are not the opponents of their customers. The customer's loss is therefore the broker's gain. Providers of CFD trading therefore try to agree in their terms and conditions that their prices may deviate from the official trading prices of the underlying asset. However, such regulations are not always permissible.
The LAWMUC lawyers are available to affected investors throughout Germany, Austria and Switzerland at short notice for a non-binding consultation.
CFD trading and categorisation as a professional client
In CFD trading, many platforms try to categorise their clients as professional traders.
Companies often try to do this in their own interests. Customers often do not fulfil the legal requirements for this.
According to some experts, a professional trader would not actually trade as a trader on a CFD internet trading platform, as it is normally inferior to its contractual partners due to the way the platform works.
It is important to know that trading on the stock exchange works differently to trading on a CFD platform, as CFD trading is not an official stock exchange transaction.
On a state-supervised exchange, buyers and sellers face each other and the exchange participants (banks, funds, etc.) guarantee the execution of the exchange transactions, CFD trading is carried out on the so-called secondary market as a so-called OTC transaction.
The so-called market maker plays a particularly important role on this OTC secondary market.
The market maker is the person who sets the prices for buy and sell transactions on a CFD trading platform at their own discretion based on the exchange prices. There can therefore be significant differences compared to the official exchange prices. And since the market maker is often practically the "opponent" of the trading client, a conflict of interest often seems almost pre-programmed.
If you are "motivated" by the trading company to classify yourself as a professional trader, it is best to consult a specialised lawyer.
Many platforms for Forex and CFD trading are registered and regulated in Cyprus. Below you will find a list of the financial companies registered with the Cypriot financial supervisory authority CySec as of 13 October 2024:
| Regulated Entity | Approved Domains |
| 26 Degrees Global Markets (EU) Ltd (ex Invast Financial Services (EU) Ltd) | www.26degreesglobalmarkets.com.cy |
| 3D Global Financial Services Ltd | www.3dglobal.com |
| 4XHUB EU Limited | www.4xhub.eu |
| 50CoinsCY Ltd (ex UR Trade Fix Ltd) | www.50coins.com www.50k.trade |
| 7Q Financial Services Ltd | www.7qfs.com |
| A. Eternity Capital Management Ltd | http://a-eternitycapital.ltd.cy |
| A.J.K. Wealth Management Ltd | www.ajkwealth.com |
| A.N. Allnew Investments Ltd | www.legacyfx.eu; www.xeprime.eu; |
| A.T.I. Associates (Cyprus) Ltd | www.atiassociates.com |
| Abris-Cee Holdings Ltd | http://abris-cee.com; |
| AC Markets (Europe) Ltd | www.acprime.eu; www.ausprime.eu; www.lt-markets.com; www.ausforex.eu; |
| Accuindex EU Ltd | www.accuindex.eu |
| Admirals Europe Ltd (ex Admiral Markets Cyprus Ltd) | www.admiralmarkets.com.cy; www.admirals.com |
| Aeonic Securities C.I.F. Plc | www.aeonic.com.cy |
| Afterprime Europe Limited | www.afterprime.eu |
| Albourne Cyprus Limited | www.albourne.com |
| Alfa Capital Markets Ltd | www.alfacapital.com.cy |
| ALMA Europe Ltd | www.almaeurope.finance |
| Amana Capital Ltd | www.amanacapital.com.cy |
| APME FX Trading Europe Ltd | www.apmefx.com; www.ozios.com; www.oziotrader.com; |
| Aquilla Nummus Ltd | www.aquillanummus.com |
| Argus Stockbrokers Ltd | www.argus.com.cy; www.argusglobaltrader.com |
| Aristeus Financial Services Ltd | www.aristeus.com.cy |
| Arumpro Capital Ltd | https://arumcapital.eu/ |
| ATFX Global Markets (Cy) Ltd | atfxgm.eu; atfx.eu; www.atfxconnect.com/en-eu/ |
| Athlos Capital Investment Services Ltd | www.athloscapital.com; www.usesophic.com; |
| Atlantic Securities Ltd | www.atlanticfs.com |
| Axia Ventures Group Ltd | www.axiavg.com; www.axiavg.gr; www.axiacm.com |
| Ayers Alliance Financial Group Ltd | aafg.co |
| Ayomi Financial Services Limited | https://www.ayomi.fr/cy |
| B.I.S. Blueport Investment Services Ltd | |
| B2B Prime Services EU Ltd (ex Menasecurities Ltd) | www.menasecurities.com; www.b2prime.com; |
| Banxso Ltd (ex XF Services Ltd) | www.banxso.eu; |
| BCM Begin Capital Markets CY Ltd | www.profitlevel.com; www.capitalpanda.com; www.begincapitalmarkets.com; |
| Blacktower Financial Management (Cyprus) Ltd | www.blacktowerfm.com/BFMCL |
| BM Zenith Investment Advisors Limited | www.bmzenith.com; |
| Boson Alfa Ltd | www.bosonalfa.com |
| Brickhill Capital (CY) Ltd | www.brickhillcy.com |
| BrightPool Ltd | www.brightpool-markets.com |
| Broctagon Prime Ltd | www.broprime.com |
| BrokerCreditService (Cyprus) Ltd | www.bcscyprus.com |
| Capital Com SV Investments Ltd | https://capital.com |
| CDJ Social Stocks Ltd | goliaths.io |
| CEX Markets Ltd | cexbro.com |
| Charlgate Ltd | www.fxview.com; |
| Chase Buchanan Ltd | www.chasebuchanan.com |
| Coinbase Financial Services Europe Ltd (ex BUX Europe Ltd ) | www.coinbase.com/international-exchange/europe |
| Colmex Pro Ltd | www.colmex.com; www.colmexpro.com |
| Conotoxia Ltd | https://forex.conotoxia.com; https://forex.cinkciarz.pl; https://invest.conotoxia.com; https://invest.cinkciarz.pl; invest.conotoxia.com; invest.cinkciarz.pl; |
| Credit Financier Invest (CFI) Ltd | www.cfifinancial.com.cy; www.cfifinancial.eu; www.cfifinancial.com; www.cfi.trade; |
| Crowd Tech Ltd | www.trade360.com |
| Crowdbase Ltd | www.crowdbase.eu |
| CTCAP LTD (ex CT CAPITALLTRADERS LTD) | https://ctcap.eu |
| CTS Cloud Trading Solutions Ltd | www.cloud-trading.eu |
| D.T. Direct Investment Hub Ltd | dtdirectinvestment.com; www.duplitrade.com; |
| Doto Europe Ltd (Ex Vasby Capital Markets Ltd) | www.doto.eu; www.eu.doto.com; www.doto.com/eu; |
| Dragon Capital (Cyprus) Ltd | www.dragon-capital.com; dccl.com.cy |
| Easy Forex Trading Ltd | www.easy-forex.com; m.easy-forex.com; easymarkets.eu; easymarkets.com/eu; m.easy-forex.com/eu; |
| EDR Financial Ltd | www.triomarkets.eu; |
| EFG Cyprus Limited | www.cy.efgl.com; |
| Eight Plus Capital Ltd | https://finame.com/; https://eightplus.com; |
| Eightcap EU Ltd | www.eightcap.eu |
| Elidi Securities Ltd(ex UGM Securities Ltd) | https://elidi.capital/ |
| Emporium Capital K.A Ltd | www.ecgprime.com; www.ecgprime.net; www.ecgprime.eu; www.ecgprime.cy; |
| Equiti Global Markets Ltd | https://www.equiti-capital.com/cy-en/ |
| Etoro (Europe) Ltd | www.etoro.com; |
| Eurivex Ltd | www.eurivex.com; https://trade.eurivex.com/login |
| Eurotrade Investments RGB Ltd | www.eurotrader.group; https://gratis.io/; https://www.eurotrader.eu; |
| Exclusive Change Capital Ltd | www.exclusivecapital.com |
| Exelcius Prime Ltd | www.exelciusprime.com; www.1market.eu; www.1market.hu; |
| Exness (Cy) Ltd | www.exness.eu |
| EXOVO LTD | www.exovo.com.cy |
| EXT Ltd | https://cy.exante.eu; https://ext.com.cy; www.exante.eu; |
| Fathom Wealth Management Advisors Ltd | www.fathomwma.com |
| FIBO Markets Ltd (ex FIBO Group Holdings Ltd) | www.fibogroup.eu; www.fibomarkets.eu; www.fibomarkets.com; www.fibo-promo.com; |
| Fidus Investments Cyprus Ltd | www.fidusinvestments.eu |
| Finquotes Financial (Cyprus) Ltd | www.finpros.eu |
| First Prudential Markets Ltd | www.fpmarkets.eu; www.fpmarkets.com/eu |
| Forex TB Ltd | www.forextb.com; www.patronfx.com |
| Fortrade Cyprus Ltd | www.fortrade.com |
| FP Asset Management Cyprus Ltd | |
| Freedom Finance Europe Ltd | www.ffineu.eu; www.bondsfreedom.com; www.freedom24.com; www.freedom24.eu; www.tradernet.com; www.freedomfinance.eu; www.freedom24.news; https://freedombroker.eu; www.freedombroker.eu; http://freedom-finance.eu/; |
| FTX EU Ltd (ex K-DNA FINANCIAL SERVICES LTD) | www.ftx.com/eu; https://ftxeurope.eu/ |
| FX Central Clearing Ltd | www.fxcc.eu/ |
| FXGLOBE Ltd | www.fxglobe.eu; |
| Fxnet Ltd | www.nessfx.com; www.investing24.com; https://emsbrokers.com/en; |
| FXOpen EU Ltd | www.fxopen.com |
| FXPRO Financial Services Ltd | www.fxpro.com; www.fxpro.co.uk; www.fxpro.es; www.fxpro.fr; www.fxpro.ru; www.fxpro.pl; www.fxpro.hu; www.fxpro.hu; www.fxpro.de; www.fxpro.it; www.fxpro-vn.com; www.fxpro.vn; www.fxpro.ae; www.fxpro.cn; www.fxpro-thailand.com; www.fxpro.cz; www.fxpro.com.my; fxpro.com.au; fxpro.org.cn; www.fxpro.dk; www.fxpro.no; www.fxpro.ee; www.fxpro.ro; www.fxpro.hr; www.fxpro.se |
| GBE Brokers Ltd | www.gbebrokers.com; www.gbeprime.com; |
| General Capital Brokers (GCB) Ltd | www.t1markets.com; |
| Global Capital Securities & Financial Services Ltd | www.globalcapital.com.cy |
| Global Trade CIF Ltd | www.finansero.com; www.globaltradecif.com |
| Go Markets Ltd (ex Galactus Ltd) | www.gomarkets.eu; |
| Goldenburg Group Ltd | www.goldenburggroup.eu; |
| GPB Financial Services Ltd | www.gpbfs.com.cy |
| Grandis Securities Ltd | www.grandissecurities.com.cy |
| Granfeld Wealth Management Ltd | www.granfeld.com |
| Gravity Private Wealth Ltd | gravitypw.com.cy |
| Greenpost Trading Europe Ltd | www.greenposteurope.com |
| Growell Capital Ltd | www.fxgrow.com; |
| GT Investment Services Ltd | www.fxgt.eu |
| GVD Korimcy Ltd | www.gvdmarkets.eu |
| GWG (Cyprus) Ltd | www.gwglobalfx.com, www.gwtrade.eu |
| Harindale Ltd | www.m4markets.eu/ |
| HF Markets (Europe) Ltd | www.hfeu.com; https://www.hfaffiliates.com/eu/en/index.html |
| Holborn Assets Wealth Management (CY) Ltd | www.holbornassets.com.cy |
| Hoxton Capital Management (Europe) Ltd | hoxtoncapital.eu; |
| HTFX (EU) Ltd (EX CDG Global (EU) Ltd) | https://htfx.eu/ |
| Huaprime EU Ltd (ex Ultima Markets Cyprus Limited) | http://www.huaprime.eu/ |
| I.F. Greenfields Wealth Ltd | www.greenfieldswealth.com |
| I.W.G International Wealth Group Ltd | www.interwealthgroup.com |
| IC Markets (EU) Ltd | www.icmarkets.eu; |
| ICFD Ltd | www.iforex.eu; www.iforex.pl; www.iforex.nl; www.iforex.es; www.iforex.fr; www.iforex.it; www.iforex.gr; en.iforex.eu; https://hu.iforex.eu; https://cz.iforex.eu; |
| IFCM Cyprus Ltd | www.ifcmarkets.eu; www.icmetrica.com; |
| IGM Forex Ltd | www.igmfx.com |
| IKOS CIF Ltd | www.ikos.com.cy |
| Indication Investments Ltd | https://libertex.com www.libertex.de |
| Initial Merit Secure Ltd | www.imsmarkets.com |
| Instant Trading EU Ltd | www.instaforex.eu; www.forexmart.eu; www.instatradesolution.hu; |
| Investium Limited | flexinvest.com |
| IQOption Europe Ltd | www.eu.iqoption.com; quadcodemarkets.com |
| ISEC Wealth Management Ltd | www.is-wm.com; www.is-wm.eu |
| Itrade Global (Cy) Ltd | www.investfw.com; www.tradedwell.com; |
| JFD Group Ltd | www.jfdbrokers.com; www.jfdchange.com; www.jfdeurope.com; www.jfdpartners.com; |
| JustMarkets Ltd | justmarkets.eu |
| Key Way Investments Ltd | www.keywayinvestments.ro; www.keywayinvestments.com; www.capex.com/eu; www.capex.com/ro; www.capex.com/es; www.capex.com/it; www.capex.com/de; www.capex.com/hu; www.capex.com/pl; www.capex.com/cz; www.capex.com/el; |
| Kleis EU LTD | www.keytotrading.com |
| Klips CY Ltd | www.klips.com |
| L.F. Investment Ltd | www.purple-trading.com |
| LAIETANA LTD | www.laietana.eu |
| Lifegoals Financial Services Limited (ex Emergo Wealth Ltd) | www.emergowealth.net; www.emergowealth.com; www.lifegoals.eu; |
| Lime Trading (CY) Ltd (ex Just2trade Online Ltd) | www.just2trade.online; www.J2T.com; |
| Lirunex Ltd | www.lirunex.eu |
| Liteforex (Europe) Ltd | www.liteforex.eu; www.liteforex.pl; de.liteforex.eu; es.liteforex.eu; fr.liteforex.eu; it.liteforex.eu; pt.liteforex.eu; ru.liteforex.eu; social.liteforex.eu |
| LMAX Broker Europe Ltd | www.lmax.com/global//eu; |
| Luna Wealth Asset Management Ltd | www.lunawealth.com |
| Lydya Financial Ltd | www.lydyafinancial.com; |
| Magic Compass Ltd | www.magiccompass.com |
| Magnasale Trading Ltd | magnasaleltd.com; https://liquidity.finalto.com/eu/ |
| Marcuard Ηeritage (Europe) Ltd | www.marcuardheritage.com |
| MCA Intelifunds Ltd | www.fxoro.com; www.fxoro.it; www.tk.fxoro.co.uk; www.fxoro.ae |
| Mega Equity Securities and Financial Services Public Ltd | www.megaequity.com; www.megafx.com |
| Merba Limited | offersfx.com; |
| Mercorix Ltd | www.symmetriafs.com; www.mercorix.com |
| MeritKapital Ltd | www.meritkapital.com; www.meritfixed.com |
| MEX Europe Ltd | www.mexeurope.com |
| Mexem Ltd | www.mexem.com; www.inter-il.com; www.c2gateway.com; www.fivaco.com; trade.collective2.eu; |
| MIND MONEY LIMITED (ex Zerich Securities Ltd) | https://mind-money.eu/en/ |
| MiTrade EU Limited | http://www.mitrade.eu/ |
| Mount Nico Corp Ltd | www.nicofx.com; www.excentral.com; www.mtnico.com; eu.excentral.com |
| MTG LIQUIDITY Ltd | www.match-prime.com; |
| Naga Markets Europe Ltd | www.nagatrader.com; www.nagamarkets.com; |
| Naxex Invest Ltd | www.naxexinvest.com; |
| NBI Investments Ltd | www.nbinvest.com |
| NFS Network Financial Services Ltd | www.nfseurope.com; |
| Notely Trading Ltd | www.errante.eu |
| Notesco Financial Services Ltd | www.fxlift.eu; www.ironfx.eu; |
| Novia Global Europe Limited (Ex Shares Fintech Limited) | www.novia-global.eu |
| Numisma Capital Ltd | https://numismagroup.com; www.elginamc.com |
| OBR Investments Ltd | www.obrinvest.com |
| OCI Oasis Capital Investments (Cyprus) Ltd | www.oasisinvestment.eu |
| Octa Markets Cyprus Ltd | www.octabroker.eu; www.octatrade.eu; www.octa.broker; www.octatrading.eu; www.octamarket.eu; www.octamarkets.eu; www.octa.trading; www.octa.trade; www.octa.market; www.octa.markets; www.octaeu.net; www.octaeu.org; www.octaeu.com; www.octaeurope.com; |
| OEXN Limited | https://www.oexn.com; |
| Olive Tree Capital Markets Limited (ex Atonline Ltd) | www.atonint.com;www.otcm.eu |
| Omega Funds Investment Ltd | www.omegainvest.com.cy |
| One Plus Capital Ltd | www.onepluscapital.net; www.openbrokerageaccount.com; www.onelifepartners.com; |
| Oqtima EU Ltd | www.oqtima.eu |
| ORBEX Ltd | www.orbex.com.cy |
| Otkritie Broker Ltd | www.open-broker.com |
| Peaksight Ltd | www.peaksightltd.com |
| Pelican Exchange Europe (CY) Ltd | www.pelicaneu.com |
| Pepperstone EU Limited | https://pepperstone.com/ |
| Performance Ronnaru Company Ltd | www.prcbroker.com; www.prcmarkets.com |
| Plum Money CY Limited | https://withplum.com/ |
| Plus500CY Ltd | www.plus500.com.cy; www.plus500.com; www.plus500.nl; www.plus500.pl; www.plus500.at; www.plus500.be; www.plus500.ch; www.plus500.ee; www.plus500.li; www.plus500.ro; www.plus500.lv; www.plus500.lt; www.plus500.dk; www.plus500.ru; www.plus500.it; www.plus500.ae; www.plus500.cz; www.plus500.gr; www.plus500.fr; www.plus500.se; www.plus500.hu; www.plus500.no;www.plus500.es; www.plus500.pt; www.plus500.si; www.plus500.ie; www.plus500.fi; www.plus500.bg; www.plus500.lu; www.plus500.com.hr; www.plus500.com.mt; www.plus500.com.uy; www.plus500.is; www.plus500.eu; www.plus500.rs; www.plus500.de; www.plus500.sk; www.plus500.com.my; www.plus500.hr; www.plus500.com.mx; www.plus500.co |
| Primus Global Ltd | www.fxprimus.eu; |
| Prochoice Chrimatistiriaki Ltd | www.pro-choice.com.cy |
| Prodigit Investments Ltd | www.prodigitinvest.com; www.invest.com |
| Prospergate Capital Ltd | www.prospergate.com |
| Pruden Ventures Capital Ltd | www.constanceinvestment.com; www.constancei.com |
| R.I.A.L Raising Investment Advisory Limited | www.rialcy.com |
| Red Mars Capital Ltd | www.redmars.trade, www.redmars.capital, www.redmars.eu |
| Redfin Capital Ltd | www.redfincapital.com |
| Redpine Capital Limited | www.xbmarkets.com; |
| Regency Asset Management (Cyprus) Ltd | www.ramcyprus.com |
| Reliantco Investments Ltd | www.ufx.com; www.ufxaffiliates.com www.ufxpartners.com; http://ufx.company/ |
| Renaissance Securities (Cyprus) Ltd | www.rencap.com |
| Robomarkets Ltd | www.robomarkets.com; www.robomarkets.com.cy; www.robomarkets.cz; www.robomarkets.ee; www.robomarkets.es; www.robomarkets.it; www.robomarkets.lt; www.robomarkets.lv; www.robomarkets.pl; www.robomarkets.pt |
| Roemer Capital (Europe) Limited | www.roemercapital.com |
| Ronin Europe Ltd | www.ron.in |
| Royal Financial Trading (Cy) Ltd | www.oneroyal.eu |
| Royal Forex Ltd | www.royalforex.com; www.ROInvesting.com |
| Rynat Trading Ltd | www.rynattrading.com; www.thextrend.com; www.thextrend.eu; www.xtrend.eu; www.xtrendprime.com www.xtrendprime.eu |
| Safecap Investments Ltd | https://www.markets.com; https://liquidity.finalto.com/eu; |
| SC Workwealth Management Ltd | http://www.scworkwealth.com/ |
| Sheer Markets (Cyprus) Ltd | sheermarkets.net; sheermarkets.com; sheermarkets.eu; ndfstreaming.com; sheercxchange.com; |
| SIB (Cyprus) Ltd | www.sib.com.cy |
| Skanestas Investments Ltd | www.skanestas.com |
| Skilling Ltd | www.skilling.com |
| Skybound Wealth Europe Ltd | www.skyboundwealth.eu |
| SM Capital Markets Ltd | www.smcapitalmarkets.com; www.scopemarkets.eu; |
| Solaris EMEA Limited | www.axi.com/eu |
| Solid Financial Services Ltd | www.solid.com.cy |
| Squared Financial (CY) Ltd | www.squaredfinancial.com; www.squareddirect.com; |
| SSC Smart FX Ltd (ex Jin Daocheng Ltd) | www.smartfx-cy.com |
| STAK SECURITIES LTD (ex STAK FX LTD) | www.stak-securities.com |
| STATOK LTD (ex SMSG LIMITED) | www.statok.global; |
| StoneX Europe Ltd | www.forex.com/ie |
| Stratos Europe Ltd (ex FXCM EU LTD) | http://fxcm.com/eu; http://fxcm.com/fr; http://fxcm.com/it; http://fxcm.com/gr; http://fxcm.com/espana; www.fxcm.com/de; https://www.fxcm.com/bg/; https://www.fxcm.com/pl/; https://www.fxcm.com/nl/; https://www.fxcm.com/se/; https://www.fxcm.com/dk/; https://www.fxcm.com/hu/; https://www.fxcm.com/ro/; https://www.fxcm.com/sk/; www.tradu.com/eu |
| Streams Financial Services Ltd | www.efinno.com; |
| Swissquote Capital Markets Limited | www.swissquote.eu; www.swissquote.cy; www.swissquote.com/en-eu; |
| T Markets EU Limited (ex NBH Markets EU Limited) | www.trademarkets.eu; |
| T.C.R. International Ltd | www.tcr-int.com |
| Tanius Technology Europe Ltd | www.tanius.eu |
| TF Global Markets (Europe) Ltd (ex A-Conversio Capital Ltd). | www.thinkmarkets.com/europe; www.thinkmarkets.com; www.thinkmarkets.com/eu; https://www.thinkmarkets.com/es/; https://www.thinkmarkets.com/pl/; https://www.thinkmarkets.com/de/; https://www.thinkmarkets.com/it/; https://www.thinkmarkets.com/cz/; https://www.thinkmarkets.com/gr/; |
| TFI Markets Ltd | www.tfifx.com |
| The Cyprus Investment and Securities Corporation Ltd | cisco-online.com.cy |
| The First Interstellar Capital Limited | www.interstellarfx.eu |
| Tickmill Europe Ltd | www.tickmill.com/eu |
| TioMarkets CY Ltd | www.tiomarkets.eu |
| Titanedge Securities Ltd | www.tradeeu.com; www.titan-edge.com; |
| Top Markets Solutions Ltd (ex Teletrade-DJ International Consulting Ltd) | earn.eu; earn.broker; earn.trading; |
| Topfx Ltd | www.topfx.com; |
| Trade Capital Markets (TCM) Ltd | www.tradecapitalmarkets.com; www.trade.com; www.heromarkets.com |
| Tradestone Ltd | www.fbs.eu |
| Trading 212 Markets Ltd | www.trading212.com |
| Trading Point Of Financial Instruments Ltd | www.trading-point.com; www.xm.com; www.pipaffiliates.com |
| Trading.Com Markets EU Limited (ex Trading Point Asset Management Limited) | www.trading.com/eu |
| Triangleview Investments Ltd | www.3anglefx.com; |
| Triumph Int (Cyprus) Ltd | www.triumphfx.com |
| Trust Capital TC Ltd | http://www.trustcapitaltc.eu/ |
| TTCM Traders Trust Capital Markets Ltd | www.traders-trust.eu; |
| UBK Markets Ltd | www.ubkmarkets.com |
| Veles International Ltd | www.veles-int.com |
| Viverno Markets Ltd | www.viverno.com |
| VM Vita Markets Ltd | https://vita-markets.com |
| VPR Safe Financial Group Ltd | www.alvexo.eu; www.alvexo.fr; www.alvexo.de; www.avlexo.it; |
| VSTAR & SOHO MARKETS LTD | www.sohomarkets.eu; www.vstarprime.com; |
| W.G. Wealth Guardian Ltd | wguardian.com |
| WB Trade EU Ltd (ex Windsor Brokers Ltd) | www.wbtrade.eu |
| WGM Services Ltd | www.ezinvest.com; www.ezinvest.com/eu; www.marches-financiers.fr; www.stockstp.com; www.phoenixmarkets.com; www.phoenixmarkets.fr; eu.ezinvest.com; |
| Wisdompoint Capital Ltd | wisdompointcapital.com; |
| Wise Wolves Finance Ltd | www.wise-wolves.finance |
| Wonderinterest Trading Ltd | www.wonderinterest.com; www.zetano.com; www.investago.com |
| WRDNB Ltd | www.invexia.com |
| X Global Markets Ltd | www.xglobalmarkets.com; https://www.xglobalinvest.com |
| XS Markets Ltd (ex RockFrost Ltd) | www.xsmarkets.com |
| XSpot Wealth (EU) Ltd (ex X SPOT MARKETS (EU) LTD) | www.xspot.markets; https://www.xspotwealth.com/ |
| XTB Ltd | www.xtb.com/cy www.xtb.com/HU |
| Zemblanco Investments Ltd | www.zemblanco.com |
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